Added nba history example, and implemented kernel matern32.

Cargo.toml

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ ndarray = "0.13"
 ndarray-linalg = { version = "0.12" }
 openblas-src = { version = "0.8", features = ["static"] }
 ordered-float = "1.0"
-rand = "0.6"
+rand = "0.7"
-rand_xoshiro = "0.1"
+rand_xoshiro = "0.4"
 statrs = "0.12"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+time = "0.2"

examples/nba-history.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+extern crate openblas_src;
+
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::fs;
+use std::io::{self, BufRead};
+
+use kickscore as ks;
+use time::Date;
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let reader = fs::File::open("examples/nba.csv").map(io::BufReader::new)?;
+
+    let mut teams = HashSet::new();
+    let mut observations = Vec::new();
+
+    let cutoff = time::date!(2019 - 06 - 01);
+
+    for line in reader.lines() {
+        let line = line?;
+        let data = line.split(',').collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        assert!(data.len() == 5);
+
+        let t = Date::parse(data[0], "%F")?;
+
+        if t > cutoff {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        teams.insert(data[1].to_string());
+        teams.insert(data[2].to_string());
+
+        if data[3].is_empty() || data[4].is_empty() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let t = t.midnight().timestamp() as f64;
+
+        let score_1: u16 = data[3].parse()?;
+        let score_2: u16 = data[4].parse()?;
+
+        if score_1 > score_2 {
+            observations.push((data[1].to_string(), data[2].to_string(), t));
+        } else if score_1 < score_2 {
+            observations.push((data[2].to_string(), data[1].to_string(), t));
+        } else {
+            panic!("there shouldn't be any tie games");
+        }
+    }
+
+    let seconds_in_year = 365.25 * 24.0 * 60.0 * 60.0;
+
+    let mut model = ks::BinaryModel::new(ks::BinaryModelObservation::Probit);
+
+    for team in teams {
+        let kernel: Vec<Box<dyn ks::Kernel>> = vec![
+            Box::new(ks::kernel::Constant::new(0.03)),
+            Box::new(ks::kernel::Matern32::new(0.138, 1.753 * seconds_in_year)),
+        ];
+
+        model.add_item(&team, Box::new(kernel));
+    }
+
+    for (winner, loser, t) in observations {
+        model.observe(&[&winner], &[&loser], t);
+    }
+
+    model.fit();
+
+    println!("Probability that CHI beats BOS...");
+
+    let (p_win, _) = model.probabilities(
+        &[&"CHI"],
+        &[&"BOS"],
+        time::date!(1996 - 01 - 01).midnight().timestamp() as f64,
+    );
+    println!("  ... in 1996: {:.2}%", 100.0 * p_win);
+
+    let (p_win, _) = model.probabilities(
+        &[&"CHI"],
+        &[&"BOS"],
+        time::date!(2001 - 01 - 01).midnight().timestamp() as f64,
+    );
+    println!("  ... in 2001: {:.2}%", 100.0 * p_win);
+
+    let (p_win, _) = model.probabilities(
+        &[&"CHI"],
+        &[&"BOS"],
+        time::date!(2020 - 01 - 01).midnight().timestamp() as f64,
+    );
+    println!("  ... in 2020: {:.2}%", 100.0 * p_win);
+
+    Ok(())
+}

src/kernel.rs

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ use ndarray::prelude::*;
 
 mod constant;
 mod exponential;
+mod matern32;
 mod matern52;
 
 pub use constant::Constant;
 pub use exponential::Exponential;
+pub use matern32::Matern32;
 pub use matern52::Matern52;
 
 pub trait Kernel {

src/kernel/matern32.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+use ndarray::prelude::*;
+
+use super::Kernel;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Matern32 {
+    var: f64,
+    l_scale: f64,
+    lambda: f64,
+}
+
+impl Matern32 {
+    pub fn new(var: f64, l_scale: f64) -> Self {
+        Matern32 {
+            var,
+            l_scale,
+            lambda: 3.0f64.sqrt() / l_scale,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Kernel for Matern32 {
+    fn k_diag(&self, ts: &[f64]) -> Array1<f64> {
+        Array1::ones(ts.len()) * self.var
+    }
+
+    fn order(&self) -> usize {
+        2
+    }
+
+    fn state_mean(&self, t: f64) -> Array1<f64> {
+        Array1::zeros(2)
+    }
+
+    fn state_cov(&self, t: f64) -> Array2<f64> {
+        let a = self.lambda;
+
+        array![[1.0, 0.0], [0.0, a * a]] * self.var
+    }
+
+    fn measurement_vector(&self) -> Array1<f64> {
+        array![1.0, 0.0]
+    }
+
+    fn feedback(&self) -> Array2<f64> {
+        let a = self.lambda;
+
+        array![[0.0, 1.0], [-a.powi(2), -2.0 * a]]
+    }
+
+    fn transition(&self, t0: f64, t1: f64) -> Array2<f64> {
+        let d = t1 - t0;
+        let a = self.lambda;
+
+        let ba = array![[d * a + 1.0, d], [-d * a * a, 1.0 - d * a]];
+
+        (-d * a).exp() * ba
+    }
+
+    fn noise_cov(&self, t0: f64, t1: f64) -> Array2<f64> {
+        let d = t1 - t0;
+        let a = self.lambda;
+        let da = d * a;
+
+        let c = (-2.0 * da).exp();
+
+        let x11 = 1.0 - c * (2.0 * da * da + 2.0 * da + 1.0);
+        let x12 = c * (2.0 * da * da * a);
+        let x22 = a * a * (1.0 - c * (2.0 * da * da - 2.0 * da + 1.0));
+
+        self.var * array![[x11, x12], [x12, x22]]
+    }
+}