diff --git a/crates/xy-supervisor/src/lib.rs b/crates/xy-supervisor/src/lib.rs
index 2241d41..10882e0 100644
--- a/crates/xy-supervisor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/xy-supervisor/src/lib.rs
@@ -5,9 +5,13 @@ pub mod child;
 pub mod logs;
 pub mod policy;
 pub mod retry_window;
+pub mod supervisor;
 
 pub use backoff::Backoff;
 pub use child::{ChildHandle, MockChild, MockChildController, RealChild, spawn_with_logs};
 pub use logs::{LogSink, RecordedLine, RingBuffer, RotatingLogWriter};
 pub use policy::{RestartDecision, decide};
 pub use retry_window::RetryWindow;
+pub use supervisor::{
+    RealSpawner, Spawner, StartAck, StopAck, SupervisorCmd, SupervisorHandle, SupervisorTask,
+};
diff --git a/crates/xy-supervisor/src/logs.rs b/crates/xy-supervisor/src/logs.rs
index a343585..f80276a 100644
--- a/crates/xy-supervisor/src/logs.rs
+++ b/crates/xy-supervisor/src/logs.rs
@@ -135,11 +135,7 @@ pub struct LogSink {
 }
 
 impl LogSink {
-    pub fn new(
-        server_name: String,
-        writer: RotatingLogWriter,
-        ring_capacity_bytes: usize,
-    ) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(server_name: String, writer: RotatingLogWriter, ring_capacity_bytes: usize) -> Self {
         let (tx, _) = broadcast::channel(LOG_BROADCAST_CAP);
         Self {
             server_name,
@@ -183,8 +179,8 @@ fn now_unix_ms() -> u64 {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use tempfile::tempdir;
     use std::io::Read;
+    use tempfile::tempdir;
 
     #[test]
     fn writes_lines_with_tags() {
@@ -194,10 +190,7 @@ mod tests {
         w.write_line("[out]", "hello").unwrap();
         w.write_line("[err]", "boom").unwrap();
         let mut s = String::new();
-        File::open(&base)
-            .unwrap()
-            .read_to_string(&mut s)
-            .unwrap();
+        File::open(&base).unwrap().read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(s, "[out] hello\n[err] boom\n");
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/xy-supervisor/src/supervisor.rs b/crates/xy-supervisor/src/supervisor.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e30a051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/xy-supervisor/src/supervisor.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+use crate::{
+    backoff::Backoff,
+    child::ChildHandle,
+    logs::LogSink,
+    policy::{RestartDecision, decide},
+    retry_window::RetryWindow,
+};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot, watch};
+use tokio::time::sleep;
+use tracing::{debug, info, warn};
+use xy_protocol::{ServerConfig, ServerState};
+
+pub enum SupervisorCmd {
+    Start {
+        ack: oneshot::Sender<StartAck>,
+    },
+    Stop {
+        ack: oneshot::Sender<StopAck>,
+    },
+    Restart {
+        ack: oneshot::Sender<()>,
+    },
+    Reconfigure {
+        new: ServerConfig,
+        ack: oneshot::Sender<()>,
+    },
+    Shutdown {
+        ack: oneshot::Sender<()>,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum StartAck {
+    Started,
+    AlreadyRunning,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum StopAck {
+    Stopped,
+    NotRunning,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SupervisorHandle {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub tx: mpsc::Sender<SupervisorCmd>,
+    pub state: watch::Receiver<ServerState>,
+    pub log_sink: LogSink,
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub trait Spawner: Send + 'static {
+    type Child: ChildHandle;
+    async fn spawn(&self, cfg: &ServerConfig, sink: LogSink) -> std::io::Result<Self::Child>;
+}
+
+pub struct SupervisorTask<S: Spawner> {
+    cfg: ServerConfig,
+    log_sink: LogSink,
+    spawner: S,
+    state_tx: watch::Sender<ServerState>,
+    cmd_rx: mpsc::Receiver<SupervisorCmd>,
+    backoff: Backoff,
+    retry_window: RetryWindow,
+    restart_count: u32,
+    last_exit: Option<i32>,
+    started_at: Option<Instant>,
+}
+
+impl<S: Spawner> SupervisorTask<S> {
+    pub fn new(
+        cfg: ServerConfig,
+        log_sink: LogSink,
+        spawner: S,
+        state_tx: watch::Sender<ServerState>,
+        cmd_rx: mpsc::Receiver<SupervisorCmd>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let backoff = Backoff::new(cfg.restart.backoff_initial, cfg.restart.backoff_max);
+        let retry_window =
+            RetryWindow::new(Duration::from_secs(60), cfg.restart.max_retries_per_minute);
+
+        Self {
+            cfg,
+            log_sink,
+            spawner,
+            state_tx,
+            cmd_rx,
+            backoff,
+            retry_window,
+            restart_count: 0,
+            last_exit: None,
+            started_at: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_state(&self, s: ServerState) {
+        let _ = self.state_tx.send(s);
+    }
+
+    pub async fn run(mut self) {
+        let mut child: Option<S::Child> = None;
+
+        loop {
+            tokio::select! {
+                cmd = self.cmd_rx.recv() => {
+                    let Some(cmd) = cmd else { break; };
+
+                    match cmd {
+                        SupervisorCmd::Start { ack } => {
+                            if child.is_some() {
+                                let _ = ack.send(StartAck::AlreadyRunning);
+                            } else {
+                                match self.do_start().await {
+                                    Ok(c) => {
+                                        child = Some(c);
+                                        let _ = ack.send(StartAck::Started);
+                                    }
+                                    Err(err) => {
+                                        warn!(name = %self.cfg.name, error = %err, "spawn failed");
+                                        self.set_state(ServerState::Failed);
+                                        let _ = ack.send(StartAck::Started);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        SupervisorCmd::Stop { ack } => {
+                            if let Some(c) = child.take() {
+                                self.do_stop(c).await;
+                                let _ = ack.send(StopAck::Stopped);
+                            } else {
+                                let _ = ack.send(StopAck::NotRunning);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        SupervisorCmd::Restart { ack } => {
+                            if let Some(c) = child.take() {
+                                self.set_state(ServerState::Restarting);
+                                self.do_stop(c).await;
+                            }
+
+                            match self.do_start().await {
+                                Ok(c) => child = Some(c),
+                                Err(err) => {
+                                    warn!(name = %self.cfg.name, error = %err, "restart spawn failed");
+                                    self.set_state(ServerState::Failed);
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            let _ = ack.send(());
+                        }
+                        SupervisorCmd::Reconfigure { new, ack } => {
+                            self.cfg = new;
+                            self.backoff =
+                                Backoff::new(self.cfg.restart.backoff_initial, self.cfg.restart.backoff_max);
+                            self.retry_window = RetryWindow::new(
+                                Duration::from_secs(60),
+                                self.cfg.restart.max_retries_per_minute,
+                            );
+
+                            let _ = ack.send(());
+                        }
+                        SupervisorCmd::Shutdown { ack } => {
+                            if let Some(c) = child.take() {
+                                self.do_stop(c).await;
+                            }
+
+                            let _ = ack.send(());
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                code = wait_child(&mut child) => {
+                    child = None;
+
+                    self.last_exit = code;
+
+                    let now = Instant::now();
+
+                    self.retry_window.record(now);
+
+                    let cap = self.retry_window.cap_reached(now);
+                    let decision = decide(self.cfg.restart.policy, code, cap);
+
+                    debug!(name = %self.cfg.name, ?code, ?decision, "child exited");
+
+                    match decision {
+                        RestartDecision::StayStopped => {
+                            self.started_at = None;
+                            self.set_state(ServerState::Stopped);
+                        }
+                        RestartDecision::MarkFailed => {
+                            self.started_at = None;
+                            self.set_state(ServerState::Failed);
+                        }
+                        RestartDecision::Restart => {
+                            self.set_state(ServerState::Restarting);
+
+                            let delay = self.backoff.next();
+
+                            sleep(delay).await;
+
+                            match self.do_start().await {
+                                Ok(c) => child = Some(c),
+                                Err(err) => {
+                                    warn!(name = %self.cfg.name, error = %err, "restart spawn failed");
+                                    self.set_state(ServerState::Failed);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn do_start(&mut self) -> std::io::Result<S::Child> {
+        self.set_state(ServerState::Starting);
+
+        let c = self.spawner.spawn(&self.cfg, self.log_sink.clone()).await?;
+
+        self.restart_count = self.restart_count.saturating_add(1);
+        self.started_at = Some(Instant::now());
+        self.backoff.reset();
+        self.set_state(ServerState::Running);
+
+        info!(name = %self.cfg.name, pid = c.pid(), "started");
+
+        Ok(c)
+    }
+
+    async fn do_stop(&mut self, mut c: S::Child) {
+        self.set_state(ServerState::Stopping);
+
+        let _ = c.terminate();
+
+        let grace = self.cfg.stop.grace;
+
+        match tokio::time::timeout(grace, c.wait()).await {
+            Ok(_) => {}
+            Err(_) => {
+                let _ = c.kill();
+                let _ = c.wait().await;
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.started_at = None;
+        self.set_state(ServerState::Stopped);
+    }
+}
+
+async fn wait_child<C: ChildHandle>(slot: &mut Option<C>) -> Option<i32> {
+    match slot.as_mut() {
+        Some(c) => c.wait().await.ok().flatten(),
+        None => std::future::pending().await,
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct RealSpawner;
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl Spawner for RealSpawner {
+    type Child = crate::child::RealChild;
+
+    async fn spawn(&self, cfg: &ServerConfig, sink: LogSink) -> std::io::Result<Self::Child> {
+        crate::child::spawn_with_logs(cfg, sink)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::child::MockChild;
+    use crate::logs::{LogSink, RotatingLogWriter};
+    use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+    use tempfile::tempdir;
+    use xy_protocol::{RestartConfig, RestartPolicy, StopConfig};
+
+    struct QueueSpawner {
+        queue: Arc<Mutex<Vec<MockChild>>>,
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait::async_trait]
+    impl Spawner for QueueSpawner {
+        type Child = MockChild;
+
+        async fn spawn(&self, _cfg: &ServerConfig, _sink: LogSink) -> std::io::Result<MockChild> {
+            let mut q = self.queue.lock().unwrap();
+            Ok(q.remove(0))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn cfg(name: &str, policy: RestartPolicy, max_retries: u32) -> ServerConfig {
+        ServerConfig {
+            name: name.to_string(),
+            command: "/bin/true".into(),
+            args: vec![],
+            port: 1,
+            env: Default::default(),
+            working_dir: None,
+            restart: RestartConfig {
+                policy,
+                backoff_initial: Duration::from_millis(1),
+                backoff_max: Duration::from_millis(1),
+                max_retries_per_minute: max_retries,
+            },
+            stop: StopConfig {
+                grace: Duration::from_millis(50),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn sink(name: &str) -> LogSink {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let writer = RotatingLogWriter::open(&dir.path().join("s.log"), 1024, 3).unwrap();
+        std::mem::forget(dir);
+        LogSink::new(name.to_string(), writer, 1024)
+    }
+
+    async fn wait_for(rx: &mut watch::Receiver<ServerState>, want: ServerState) {
+        let deadline = tokio::time::Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(2);
+        loop {
+            if *rx.borrow() == want {
+                return;
+            }
+            tokio::select! {
+                _ = rx.changed() => {}
+                _ = tokio::time::sleep_until(deadline) => panic!("never reached {want:?}, last={:?}", *rx.borrow()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn start_runs_to_running_and_stop_to_stopped() {
+        let (mock, mut ctl) = MockChild::new(1);
+        let queue = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![mock]));
+        let spawner = QueueSpawner { queue };
+
+        let (state_tx, mut state_rx) = watch::channel(ServerState::Stopped);
+        let (cmd_tx, cmd_rx) = mpsc::channel(8);
+        let task = SupervisorTask::new(
+            cfg("x", RestartPolicy::Never, 5),
+            sink("x"),
+            spawner,
+            state_tx,
+            cmd_rx,
+        );
+        let h = tokio::spawn(task.run());
+
+        let (ack_tx, ack_rx) = oneshot::channel();
+        cmd_tx
+            .send(SupervisorCmd::Start { ack: ack_tx })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ack_rx.await.unwrap(), StartAck::Started);
+        wait_for(&mut state_rx, ServerState::Running).await;
+
+        ctl.exit_tx.take().unwrap().send(Some(0)).unwrap();
+        wait_for(&mut state_rx, ServerState::Stopped).await;
+
+        let (ack_tx, ack_rx) = oneshot::channel();
+        cmd_tx
+            .send(SupervisorCmd::Shutdown { ack: ack_tx })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        ack_rx.await.unwrap();
+        h.await.unwrap();
+    }
+}