feat: let observers be shared, boxed, or borrowed

`History` takes its observer by value and never hands it back, so a
caller who wanted to read what an observer recorded had no way to keep a
handle to it. The natural spelling did not compile:

    let recorder = Arc::new(Recorder::default());
    History::builder().observer(Arc::clone(&recorder))
    // error[E0277]: `Arc<Recorder>: Observer<i64>` is not satisfied

The workaround was for every observer to wrap each of its own fields in
an `Arc` and derive `Clone` — one allocation and one lock per field, a
pattern each implementor had to rediscover, and nothing documenting it.

Adds blanket `Observer` impls for `Arc<O>`, `Box<O>` and `&O`. All are
`?Sized`, so `Arc<dyn Observer<T>>` and `Box<dyn Observer<T>>` work too
and an observer can be chosen at runtime. Also adds
`History::observer()` and `into_observer()`, so a non-shared observer's
state can be inspected in place or reclaimed after `converge` without
needing interior mutability at all.

`tests/observer.rs` is simplified to the shared spelling, so the
recommended pattern is the one demonstrated rather than the workaround.

Closes #40

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_011hcFjNDmHXZF8URGLku5zZ

src/history.rs

@@ -538,6 +538,26 @@ impl<T: Time, D: Drift<T>, O: Observer<T>, K: Eq + Hash + Clone> History<T, D, O
             .sum()
     }
 
+    /// The configured observer.
+    ///
+    /// `History` takes its observer by value, so this is how a caller inspects
+    /// one it did not keep a handle to. For an observer that accumulates
+    /// state, prefer passing an `Arc` and keeping a clone — see the
+    /// [`Observer`] docs.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn observer(&self) -> &O {
+        &self.observer
+    }
+
+    /// Consume the history and return its observer.
+    ///
+    /// Useful for reclaiming a non-shared observer's accumulated state after
+    /// `converge` without needing interior mutability.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn into_observer(self) -> O {
+        self.observer
+    }
+
     /// Every team's member skills, validated.
     ///
     /// # Errors

src/observer.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,83 @@ pub trait Observer<T: Time>: Send + Sync {
     fn on_converged(&self, _iters: usize, _final_step: (f64, f64), _converged: bool) {}
 }
 
+/// Shared and boxed observers forward to what they point at.
+///
+/// `History` takes its observer by value, so a caller who wants to *read* what
+/// an observer recorded has to keep a handle to it. Without these impls the
+/// natural spelling does not compile:
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+/// # use trueskill_tt::{History, Observer};
+/// #[derive(Default)]
+/// struct Recorder {
+///     iterations: Mutex<Vec<usize>>,
+/// }
+///
+/// impl Observer<i64> for Recorder {
+///     fn on_iteration_end(&self, iter: usize, _step: (f64, f64)) {
+///         self.iterations.lock().unwrap().push(iter);
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// let recorder = Arc::new(Recorder::default());
+/// let mut h = History::builder().observer(Arc::clone(&recorder)).build();
+/// h.record_winner(&"a", &"b", 1).unwrap();
+/// h.converge().unwrap();
+///
+/// // The caller's handle sees what the history's copy recorded.
+/// assert!(!recorder.iterations.lock().unwrap().is_empty());
+/// ```
+///
+/// The alternative was for every observer to wrap each of its own fields in an
+/// `Arc` and derive `Clone` — one allocation and one lock per field, and a
+/// pattern each implementor had to rediscover.
+///
+/// `?Sized` is deliberate: it makes `Arc<dyn Observer<T>>` and
+/// `Box<dyn Observer<T>>` work, so observers can be chosen at runtime.
+impl<T: Time, O: Observer<T> + ?Sized> Observer<T> for std::sync::Arc<O> {
+    fn on_iteration_end(&self, iter: usize, max_step: (f64, f64)) {
+        (**self).on_iteration_end(iter, max_step);
+    }
+
+    fn on_slice_processed(&self, time: &T, slice_idx: usize, n_events: usize) {
+        (**self).on_slice_processed(time, slice_idx, n_events);
+    }
+
+    fn on_converged(&self, iters: usize, final_step: (f64, f64), converged: bool) {
+        (**self).on_converged(iters, final_step, converged);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Time, O: Observer<T> + ?Sized> Observer<T> for Box<O> {
+    fn on_iteration_end(&self, iter: usize, max_step: (f64, f64)) {
+        (**self).on_iteration_end(iter, max_step);
+    }
+
+    fn on_slice_processed(&self, time: &T, slice_idx: usize, n_events: usize) {
+        (**self).on_slice_processed(time, slice_idx, n_events);
+    }
+
+    fn on_converged(&self, iters: usize, final_step: (f64, f64), converged: bool) {
+        (**self).on_converged(iters, final_step, converged);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Time, O: Observer<T> + ?Sized> Observer<T> for &O {
+    fn on_iteration_end(&self, iter: usize, max_step: (f64, f64)) {
+        (**self).on_iteration_end(iter, max_step);
+    }
+
+    fn on_slice_processed(&self, time: &T, slice_idx: usize, n_events: usize) {
+        (**self).on_slice_processed(time, slice_idx, n_events);
+    }
+
+    fn on_converged(&self, iters: usize, final_step: (f64, f64), converged: bool) {
+        (**self).on_converged(iters, final_step, converged);
+    }
+}
+
 /// ZST no-op observer; the default when none is configured.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default)]
 pub struct NullObserver;